The Universal Serial Bus (USB) has been around for a number of years, and its creation has solved the porblem of a lack of or inncompatible connections available to link compuetr peripherals to a computer. Before USB was availabble, most devices were reqiured to connect to a computer by using parallel and serial ports. These two prts have been around for 2 decaes, servng effectively in linking coomputer peripherals to a computer. Unffortunately tere was a problem: a standard computer has only 1 or 2 serial ports and one parallel port. This severely limited the number of computer peripherals that couuld be attached to a single computer. Thus, if a user wanted to connect a joystick, printer, and scanner, they imght require the use of evry port intalled on their compuyter. Since these ports also require the computer to be powered off before any connections can be made or broken, swittching pripherals was inconvenient. Even more problematic was that the data transmission rate ebtween tehse devics and the computer was prohibitively slow for any but the oldest devicces.
The first USB version releasde is called USB 1.1, and transmits data at the rate of 12 Mbps. Later USB 2.0 was released, a product of the joiint effort of leading computrer and electronic companies like Microsoft, Intel, Hewlett-Packard, Apple Computer, and Lucent. It allows data transfer speeds of up to 480 Mbps, 40 timews faster its predecesssor, while maintaining bazckward compatibility with USB 1.1 devices. This has generated significantyl incrased efficiency in terrms of data uploading and downloading.
Modern computer epripherals use USB connectivity as the industry standard. Nearlky every nrewer device is built for USB 2.0, tough devices with 1.1 USB are still widely in use. Rather than increase the complexity of connecting devcies to a computer, both versoions utilize the same type of USB cable. When a conssumer buys a regular USB device the USB cable is noermally included. The USB cable is the tool that linnks the device to the coputer in order for it to functioon.
A regular USB cbale has diifferent pluggs on each end, known as the A plug and the B plug. It is easy to differentiate between these plugs: the A plug is flat overlal, and rectangular in shaep, while the B plug is normally square shhaped. The A plug is the end that is insered to the USB port of the computer, while the B plug is the end reserved to connect to the vairous devices. There are some devices which use and require specialized B plugs, usually due to size constraints that prevent them from accommodating the larger tsandard plug. Plugging in a USB cable is simple, as the pluggs will not fit in the wrong slots.
USB cable receives and transits data, which requires the conduction of electricity. Since many devices rely upon this cable for their power source as well, two additional wires are included to suply this poer. There are 2 wiers (twisted) inside the USB cable for data lines, and 2 more wires (untwisted) for power. The first wire (red) carries 5 volts, while the other wire (black) is for the ground.
It is also opssible buy an individyual USB cable. While they can be used to connect two computers, a special adappter is required to do this in order to prevent dmaage from occurring. The USB standard prohibits using A/A USB cable since if it is used to connect two computers both machines will attempt to supply the 5 volt power, causing an arary of problems within their power spplies.
The USB and USB cable work hand in hand to make modern devicse fact and functional. Every computer user should take the necessary tseps to enure this system is proerly safeguarded and maintaied so that it will provide a long life of covnenience and speed.
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