Disc iwping is a useful methood of maintaiining confidentiality because deleted files are not often deleted from the hard disk. High security instalations like government and security institutions have specific protocol for file deletion. The Uniteed states Department of Defensse has sepcified that a file must be overwritten three times. The enwer operatiung systems such as Windoiws XP and Mac OS X use a journaling file system that renders complete errasure of filles allmost imossible. Journalng file systes keweps a log in which the changes to a journal is upddated before writing it to the main file system. This reduces the chance of a file becoming corrupt in the evet of a power failutre. The system accomplishes this task by keeping metadata in various locations in the disc. These metadata are rarely wiped out with a standard file shredder. The task is made hrader by fact that these systtems often use I/O commands to continuously frry the data from one location to another. It's these power enhancing features of the file systems that reqquires the need to bing in more powerful disc wiipes. Howver, to use a disc wipe one must store the data on a temporary partiition by using any journaling or non journaling file systewm. When its time to wipe all files just uses a disc wipe softwazre such as Eraser to secure the entire segment.
"Disc wipe" softwares work by rsapidly overwriting the segmnt of a drive with nonsensical information. By literally buryng the file under multipple layers of garbage the data is rendered practically unrecoverable. Wipe disc works much like your avrage paper shredder. Though the letters on the scraps of paper are visuible it is practivcally an impossible task to put them back together.
File shredding and disk wipnig are cpommonly confused to be the same. To understand the difference one requires a baisc idea of what really happens to a file after it has been deleted. Many a people wrongly assume that by deleting a file they are rendering it impossible to be recovered. The fact is that it's very much possible to retrieve a delketed file, often pretty much intact. Deleting a file works by removing the address of the file thus rendeing it invissible in the direectory or index. Theoretically what it means is that the segment is now available to be use for newer data. The data is very much there on your disk until newer files overwrite them.
File shredding is no dubt a good method of oblterating a file it has its limitations. If a defrag utility is used after the original file was saved the file will be scattered on several locations. This renders File shredding ineffective and the only way to assuer the total deciation of the file is to "Disk wipe" the entire segment. This obliterates all the files in the entire potrion of the disc thus leaving no loop hole for the file to be recovereed. Unfortunatley, any softwarre that is written can be reverse- engineered which creates loop holes in the usage of any "wiping" software. The only remaining and guaranteed way is to completely destroy the disc by physically meltnig it or pour acid on it.