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How Birds Evolved The Ability To Fly



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By : Ken Lawless    99 or more times read
Submitted 2012-04-17 11:44:22
No doubt many bird lovers will be surprised to find out that many birds in the wild prefer to be on the ground, rather than the sky. And, in the regions of the world where birds are not threatened by predators, they actually do spend the majority of their time on the ground.

In fact, in areas where birds have not had serious predators for centuries, you will often find that some of the birds have evolved to where they either have no wings or they have wings that are almost useless in flight. This is because they no longer need the ability to fly to escape danger.

As a result, they feel very comfortable staying on the ground, which is where they find most of their food. A perfect example of this is the well known ostrich which, over the years, has lost the ability to fly.

It is widely recognized that dinosaurs are the ancestors of today's birds. Small dinosaurs originally lived on the ground where they were forced to compete for food and survival over their larger cousins. Most of these smaller dinosaurs could not compete effectively and died out.

But others did survive. They evolved. Over the centureis they evolved wings. And with the wings came both the ability to effectively escape larger predators as well as to find more accessible sources of food and nutrients where their larger brethren had no access. It is this acquisition of flight that enabled many of these smaller dinosaurs to survive and thrive.

Over the centuries, birds have evolved certain evolutionary traits that allowed them to fly whereas mammals did not evolve these traits. One of them is that birds are almost always lighter in weight than comparatively sized mammals. If you were to compare just about any bird to a similarly sized earthbound mammal, you will most likely find out that it weighs considerably less than the mammal - probably by a factor of 2 to 4 times. Mainly this is due to its evolved skeletal system which, in most birds, consists of hollow bones. Their hollow bones are supported by internal struts. This gives them greater than ordinary strength.

In addition, a large portion of a bird's body consists of air. They have air sacs throughout their bodies which, in addition to being great weight saving devices, allow them to utilize oxygen many times more efficiently than most mammals can.

Birds have evolved with many other weight saving features as well. It is mostly this lightness of weight that enables them to easily launch themselves into the air and stay aloft.

And, finally, there are the wings which have developed through evolution to be the perfect constructs that enable then to easily glide through the air with little or no turbulence.
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