In a fabric, it's the number of threads per square inch of both horizontal and vertical threads. A sheet considered to be top quality will need, at a minimum, 180 threads per square inch. The benefit is it creates that incredible soft cottony feel. Also, it doesn't pill, and makes for a sturdy, longer lasting sheet.
What's Insertion?
There are two types of insertion: Single Pick and Four Pick. Single inserts one horizontal yarn at a time, while Four Pick inserts four yarns all at once. Four Pick obviously quickens the weaving process but at the expense of excellence. The benefit of One Pick is a much better quality sheet fabric. Be aware that some manufactures make an effort to compensate their Single Price sheets by increasing the thread count. You'll have to judge for yourself what's best for you.
What is ELS?
Originally grown in the rich soil beside the Nile river, the Egyptians produced cotton generally known as ELS cotton - Extra Long Staple. Its fibers are almost twice as long as all other cotton fiber. Meaning there are fewer connection points which give the sheet a greater percentage of area with that exceptional softness. And, the benefit? Well, it's easier to spin into yarn, while retaining its legendary durability. That's why most consumers prefer cotton made by the Pyramid people.
What to do?
Well, "cheap" refers to quality; "inexpensive" to price. An inexpensive sheet can often be only slightly higher in price, and brings you years of continuous comfort because the merchandise you purchased was quality. As for instance: 300 thread count sheets will not cost 50% than 200 count, but you'll be 100% more satisfied. Some 300 to 1000 count Egyptian cotton sheets have been known to last decades - now that's inexpensive and a real value. So, when evaluating bed sheets, take some time to compare: Insertion, Thread Count, ELS, and Price. A couple of minutes of your time may yield years of enjoyment.
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