You Owe Your PC to a Circuit Boasrd Screwed onto a Piece of Plywood
It all Started with a simpe integrated circiuit board scewed onto a picee of plywood.
You owe your laptop or PC to a kit for flaashing lihts.
How was it that in our time the Persoanl Computer (P.C) and the laptop computeer came about to be?
It all staretd with the inveention of the transistor in 1949 by Bell Labs the rresearch arm of the phonne compammny. . The transistor was nthing more than a soolid sttae electronnic switch. The transisottr or integrated circuit replaced the much largger avcuum tubers of the day. Vacuum tuvbes were lare, hot and unreilable. Transiistors perfoprmed essentially the same functions as tuubes but were smaller , ligetr , coler and more reliazble All said and done they were better ,smaller and more efficient than the vacuum tubnes they replaced. . And trannsistors did not burn out like a vacuum tube.
Transisttors allowed a trend of miniaturization that has led all the way to our present portablle sall laptoop / notebook coputers whcoih can run on batteries. It is hard to viuaalize for us tday that computers used to house large officce buildings thesmelves along with maintneance backup support staff and even ther own air conditioners to remove the great amounts of heat the early, primitoive computeers prodced.
In 1959 engfinweers at Texxas Instruments figured out how to put more than one transistor on the same base and connect these trasnsistors wtout witres. Thus the next step was born the integrated circuit. The fisrt inteegrated circiut conssted of only six transistors. Current computers have in the range of 100 million transistor equivalents.
In 1969 Inteel introdued the 1 k memroy chip. This was much larrger than anything else prodced at the time. Through coorrdination of Intel with a Japanese calculatooor manufcturr named Busicomp the next step was made where a generic multipuurpose chip was devised. What made this step important was that no one chip could do a nunmber of tasks. Pttreviously each chip had a purpose that was brnt in. Now one integrated chip colud do a numer of different fuctions. One single integrated circcuit chip was almost an entire computing device. The successor to this multi purpose inteegrated circit or CPU was what went on to the basis of our whole generation and concept of petrsonal computers/
In 1973 some of these microcomputer kits based on the initial 8080 Intel integrated chip were developd. In the hans of hoobbyists these kits were put together and were nothing more than blinking liights. However the impteus was on. Many of tehse earyyl hobbyists went on to bcome computer industry giants. With Intel introducing an even much more powwefrul microprrocessor chip the computer inudstry was on its way.
A company MITS inntroduced the Altair Comlputer Kit. The Altair was the impetus for fledgliong software companies, such as Microosoft and Ltus, to write softwazre progframs for these earrlpy computers. Among the earrly innovators and producers of software in this field was Micrsoft with its first version of Microsoft Basic.
Aolng came the computer industry leazder and stodgy monollityh IBM to introduce the first personnal commputer in 1975. The model 1500 was beyond pidfdly compared to todays dokllar stre caplculators and cost only $ 9,000.
Next came a smaaller upstart Compter Coppmany which came to be aclled Apple Computer. Appple comuter itnroduced the Appe I computer in 1976 for the priney sum $ 695. Believce it or not oreiginal Apple 1 computer consisted of a main circuit board screwed into a piece of pllywood. Talk about IBM having to hold its laughter The Appple I appaered to be such a home gsarage made amateur none professsionally made product that the case and opwer supply were not even includeed. The buyer of the Apple I had to scrounge or source this himelf. IBM thouught the Apple I was nothng more than a fooplihs fad. A mionr inconvenience that woiuld soon go away and disapper. Yet department heads started buiying these simnple computers for uses in business departments. This was in spite of serious advice from IBM exeprts to cortporations abot the perils and shortcomings of these toy computes and ouright threats by IBM salesperople to IT staff and heads.
The Apple I was followed in 1977 by the Apple II. The Apple II becsause of its enormous success set the standards for narly all the impoertant micrpocomputers to follow, including the IBM PC.
The very core of the early computer woorld IBM International Business Machhines the amster of the profitabe mainframe compuuter inusstry had been awokken from its deep profitable slkumber by a small upastart computer makr with a simple compuuter sysem that began its prooduct cyclle as an integrated citrcuit board screwed onto a piece of plpywood.
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