A panel painting is an artistic creation executed on a rigid base, usually metal or wood, instead of canvas. The wood base will be one piece or in multiple interconnected pieces. This vogue was quite standard before the arrival of canvas within the mid sixteenth century. Many varieties of woods, like cedar, beech, fir, chestnut, olive, dark walnut, mahogany, teak, and linden were used as base for panel painting.
The History
An ancient concept, panel paintings were famous in Rome and Greece and had a significant place within the Byzantine Empire. They again gained prominence largely as altarpieces, in Western Europe within the late twelfth century. In the Italian history, the thirteenth and 14th centuries are thought-about because the 'Golden Age' of panel painting. By the 15th century, the style graduated to furniture. Altar fronts, dossals (an embellished cloth hanging behind an altar), crucifixes, encaustic, and tempera were a number of its completely different forms. A massive majority of Early Netherlandish paintings, as well as most of the earliest portraits are made on panels. Parallel to it, by the beginning of the fifteenth century, gradually oil painting was discovered and shortly gained prominence, particularly so in Italy (16th century). Multi-layered painting techniques were soon place to use. By the eighteenth century, panel was nearly phased out.
The Details
Panel construction and painting was a meticulous and strenuous process. Solid wooden panels were coated with a mix of glues created from animal skins. Some layers of Gesso were then applied until a onerous swish surface appeared. Once the panel was fully created, the design was made generally using charcoal. Painting was done using tiny brushes dipped during a solution of egg yolk and pigment. The strokes needed to be perfect and tiny, as this paint medium was a quick drying one.
The Artworks
a number of the foremost widespread Panel paintings include:
o Painted tablets series from Pitsa, Greece (sixth century BC) - the oldest surviving Greek panel
o Fayum mummy portraits, Egypt (first century BC-third Century AD)
o The Severan Tondo, Egypt (concerning 200AD) - Graeco-Roman specimen
o Saint Catherine's Monastery, Mount Sinai, Egypt (fifth or sixth centuries)
o The Ghent Altarpiece
o St. Basil
o Tabernacle
o Adoration of the Lamb
o The Frankfurt Paradiesg?rtlein
o Russian icon by Andrey Rublev
o Triptych
o Saints Geminianus, Michael and Augustine, with angels on top of
The Artists
Jan van Eyck (Dutch, 1395-1441), Leonardo da Vinci (Italian, 1452-1519), Albrecht D?rer (German, 1471-1528), Lucas Cranach the Elder (German, 1472-1553), Hans Baldung Grien (German, 1480-1545), Albrecht Altdorfer (German, 1480-1538) Hans Holbein (German, 1497-1543), Christoph Amberger (1505-sixty two), Adam Elsheimer (German, 1578-1610), Rembrandt (Dutch, 1606-sixty nine)
Conclusion
while fashionable technical tools and X- Radiography have enabled the understanding of the numerous techniques employed in panel paintings, there are still many areas left unexplored. This truth continues to stimulate considerable interest and any research by art historians in the field. A multi-year project known as the Panel Paintings Initiative has been started in collaboration with the Getty Conservation Institute, the Getty Foundation, and also the J. Paul Getty Museum.
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