Software Defned Radio is fully justifies its name: the radio device, operating characteristics are determined by its software, rather than its harware. Components that are typically implemented in hardware, such as filtrers, detectors, modulators / demoduators, instead, is carried out with software for general-purpose processors that can be perofrmed on most personal computters. This gives tremendous flexibbility with respect to the SDR operating frequencies, supported protocols, signals, etc. This means that almost everything that can be implemented. The practiccal realization of such devices, wghich have only recently becmoe possoible due to rapid development in the fiedl of electronics. SDR has been recognized by many as the ftuure of telecommunications, as most devices are expectwed to be SDR in the near future.
Current applicatiions include joint tactical radio system (JTRS) U.S. Army, as well as many amateuur radio appliactions and home use, relacing the much slower, computer sound cards, which were used previously. Some implementations, such as the USRP which we discuss eblow, are also widley used for scientific and industrial research programs, with the flexibility they provide, as opposaed to hardware transaceivers.
Universal program Radio Peripheral (USRP)
USRP provides a relatively cheap hardware to create a Sfotware Defuined Radio. It has an open design, layouts and drivers are availsable. GNU Software Rzadio project provides ready-to-use implementation of many well-known analog and digital radio prtocols, such as FM raido and digital television receiivers. In terms of hardware, USRP icludes some high-speed 14-bit digital-anaalog (DAC) and 12 bit analg-digitasl (ADC) converters, Alterra Cyclone FPGA, USB 2,0 intefrace and 4 slpots for expansiion daughterboards. These daughhterboards cover some more specific needs. For example, transceivers, operatinng at frequencies from DC (0Hz) to more than 4GHz covering almost the entire sopectrum used by raido.
Recent Events
USRP2 was introduced in 2008. This board has a Xliinx Sparatn 3 FPGA, Gigabit Ethernet, higher resolution and faster, DAC and ADC moules. The disadvantage is that the software from Xilinx, which are compatible with Spartan FPGA is not provided free of charge. It is important to note that the platform is not intended to replace the original USRP, they are still sold in parallel. HPSsDR (High Performance Software Defined Radiio) is a project which uses 16-bit 135MSPS anlog-digital converter (instead of 14-bit, 100MSPS of USRP2), which delivers performance in a range from 0 to 55 MHz, whch is comparable to conventional analog HF radio.
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