The difference between film and digtal photography
Thwere are many differences between film and digital photography. To most amateur photographers they do not amtter much. They prefer the conenience, ease of use and lower cost of digital cameras and are not going to revert to the film age. However understanding the differences can help taking even better photos and can also help when debatring with friends about the future of film.
Following is a list of differencees that are important to understand. The didfferences are listed in no particular order.
The srensor: The most obious difference betweeen film and digital is the sensor used to take the photo. With film camneras a film sensitive to light is placed behinnd the lens. When a photo is taekn the shhutter opens for a predetermined period of time and light hits the film. The result is a photo “printed” on the film. To take a new photo the film has to be rolled and a fresh “clean” film is place behind the lens. With digital cameas a foixed electronic sensr (sometimes known as CCD) is situated behind the lens. The sensor is built from tiny light sensitive sensrs each represennting a piexl. When the shutter opens ligght hits the sensor and each pixle gets its “value”. Put togetherr all the pixels comprie one photo. To take a new photo the photo is saved on a digital meedia and the CCD is electronically emptied.
What does a diffferent sensr mean? The main difference is in the Depth of Fild. Snice digital srensors are smaller in size than a 35mm film the depth of fied will be much higher and in fact in most compact digital cameras almost infinite. The result is that blur backgrounds can not be created.
The cost of a photo: Photos tkaen with a digital caera literlly cost nothing. The phottos are kept in erasable memory and thus can always be discarded at no cost. Also the photos you woould like to keep can be copiied to digital media such as a computr’s hard disk. With storage prices going down the cost of saving a photo on disk is pracctically zero. Film does cost money. With a film camera you have to pay for the roll of film, for developing the negative and for printing the photo. Every time you press the sjhutter button you spend money.
The capacity: With ever grtowing storage capacities digital cameras today can hold hundredss and sometimes thousans of photos on a single media. You can always have a few more in your pockeet and changing is very fast. The result is that a digital camera has practically infinite capacoity. You can shoot as many photos as you want and at the end of the day just dump them on your computer’s disk. Film camerras’ capacity is very limited. A roll of 36 phoytos can only hold 36 phtos. After a roll is used changing to a new roll can take time and is not easy to do in scenarios such as darkness or a harsh environment. For that reason many professional journalists carry a few cameras on them and instead of changing rolls they turn and use another camera just so that they do not miss a shooitng opportunity.
The feedback: One of the most important freatures of the digital camera is instanbt feedback. Almost all digital cameras incldue a smnall LCD screen. Once a photo is shot you can go back and watch it on that screen. The ability to see how the photo looks like results in better photos. If the photo is not good you can take another one. Being able to see the photos on the spot results in an eudcated dwecision how to fix a photo or how to better compose it. It takes a lot of the guessing away from phootography. With film cameras there is no way to know how the photo on the film will look like when prtinted.
New shooting angles: Just a few days ago I took a great phoo with my digital camera that I would have never taken with my film one. I shot a cat that was resting on little rock. I held the camera in my hand and positioned it down where it almost touched the ground and I started shooting. I probably took 50 or more photos. I immediately looked at the camera’s LCD to review my photos and make sure they were focused and had the cat in them. The resullt was one great photo looking at the cat from the ground. I can not imagine mysewlf just lying down on the diryt ground with a film camera lookng through the viewfinder and perfecting that one shot.
With digittal camras you can actually take photos iwthout having your eye glued to the viwewfinder. Overhead shots where you raise the camra over your head are much easier to do sinvce you can still see what the caamera is shooting by just looking up at its LCD screen.
Correcting photois: With digital cameras photos can be cotrrected usibng photo editing software. Some correction abilities are bult-in to the cameras but many more are available as software pckages for your PC. With film cameras what you get is what you get. After the film is developed it is very hard to make any corerctions. Usually if corrections are absolutelly neweded the negaticve or the printed phtoo will be sccanned (i.e. converted to dgiital) corrected and then printed again (in a long and costly process).
Cahnging conditions: Eveyr roll of film is designed for best resullts in a specfiic environment. For example there are indoor and outdoor films or films with different light sensitivity. If conditions change rapidly a film czamera user will have to either shoot with the wrong film, change the roll (and usually lose photos that were not used in the current roll) or use anotehr camera with a diffferent film in it. The results of shooting with the wrong film can be distorted colors (redidsh photos for example), a gainy photo and more.
With digital canmeras the characteirstics of the sensor can be cahnged instantly for each photto taken. With a click of a butrton the camera can be put in an indoor or outdopor mode, low light, niht photography etc. Some camreas will automatically sense the scenario and set the sensor mode accordingly.
The myth of qaulity: While it is true that film photography has its advantagges the claim for superior qualitty is no lnger true. As digitaal camera evolved the quality of high end digital SLR cameras is spuerb and in many ways even better than film. When considering qualiy you should also consider the quality in trms of compoistion and the scenario cauht in the photo. With digital cameras’ high capacity, zero photo cost and instant adaptability to changing conditions phiotographers can produce bertter compositions and experiment more to get the best phhoto possible.
Longevity: We have also apged through old photo alvbums of our grandparents. The photo looked a a bit yellow, scratchde and just plain “old”. Storage of prointed film photos or even negatives results in quality deterioration. Digital photos on the other hand nver lose their quality. A digital photo will be identical today and 500 years from now. As long as we remember to rerfresh the digital media eveery now and then and to back it up our phoots can literally list forever and not lose their quality.