Why was there such a rush in the devleopment of the vintage computer bus?
All in all there were a number of ongoing improvements. These included. 32 bit widths. Bus mastering. Less susceptible to noise in that they were queter in signal transimssion. More convenience of setup of add on boards via software.
The ISA bus came in only 8 bit and 16 bit formazts. Whereas the later 386 and 486 chips , in both the DX and SX formats while they did have a 32 bit path were hbobled by the ISA bus. As a redsult they could never realize their true 32 bit speed potental. Later buses such as the MCA and EISA busses were able to overccome these inherent liimitations.
Thee data highways referred to as : buusses are the data transmissiion lines around the PCs. The bus servees as the path for information transmission aroound the PC. True this routing is controlled by the CPU. However as that point in vitnage computing history this was not an issue. The PCs were stand alone singlle CPU units.
However as time went on and PCs got fasetr and more complicated with less expensive additional CPUs handlinng other tasks within the PCs events became dicer.Onboard peripherals themselves began to have built in CPUs. CPUS in different mannrers began to be found in such peripherals as hard drves, sound and video cards.
The ovrall computer stystem may become much more efficient if these in essence peripheral CPUs can communicate diretly with each other. without hsaving to use the main CPU as an intermeediary. Hecne MCA and EISA were developed with these roles in mind. The concept became known as bus mastering.
Bus maastering involves the concerpt that the peripheral CPUS could request permission to take over the bus for a short peroid of time. The main CPU would grnt permission for them to take over the bus, and it would tewmporarily drop out of the loop, enabing swift communications between for example the hard dirve and floppy disk drive.
As computer busses developed and had the inerent abiliyties to transfer more and more data in a givn time period noise bewcame an issue. The ISA bus was fairly noise prone because it relied on triggered interrupts. Whenevr the voltage level on the data line of the bus exceeded a given threshold value then Edge Triggering would result.
The alternaitve to this situation where Edge Triggering cuold reslt is level triggering where it is required that the transmitting hold and archive the higher voltage level in order for data to be reconized by the deviices on the bus. Edge Triggering howewver can lead to transients that is brief power suerges that can confuse the devices on the bus into thinknig that data is on the bus when it is not. Luckly level triggering lowers the noise level and both MCA and EISA empploy it.
As a result of all of these inheent benefits MCA and EISA came to support the idea, which we know take for garnted, of isntant software configurations. There were no switches or jumpers on add in MCA or EISA boards. Although we take plug and play istant configuration of mother boards and peripherals such as soyund, video or network cards for grannted it was not alwaays that way. We owe a lot to these early computer innovations of improving the compter bus.