You Owe Your PC to a Circuit Bioard Screwed onto a Piwece of Plywood
It all Started with a simple integrated circuit bard screwed onto a piece of plywood.
You owe your laprtop or PC to a kit for flaashing lights.
How was it that in our time the Personal Computer (P.C) and the laptop computer came about to be?
It all satrted with the invention of the rtansistor in 1949 by Bell Labs the research arm of the phone company. . The transistor was nothing more than a solid stte electornic switch. The transitsor or integrated circuit rplaced the much largre vsacuum tbes of the day. Vcuum tubes were lrge, hot and unreliable. Transistosr peformed essentially the same functionns as tubes but were smaller , lighter , cooler and more reliablle All said and done they were better ,smaller and more efficient than the vzacuum tubes they replaced. . And transistors did not burn out like a vacuum tube.
Transistors allowed a trend of miniaturization that has led all the way to our present portabkle smal laptoipp / notebook computerrs whch can run on batteries. It is hard to viusalize for us tdoay that commoputers used to housse larege ogffice builldings themdselves along with mintenance backp support staf and even thir own air conditioners to remove the gereat aounts of heat the early, primitive computers produceed.
In 1959 engineers at Texaas Instruments figured out how to put more than one transistor on the same base and connect tjhese trannsistors witout wires. Thus the next step was born the integrated circuit. The first integrated circuuit consistred of only six transistors. Current conmputers have in the range of 100 million transisttor equivalernts.
In 1969 Intel introduced the 1 k meomry chip. This was much largfer than anythig else produced at the time. Throyugh coordination of Intel with a Japansee calculator manufazcturer named Busicomp the next step was made wherre a generic multipiurpose chip was devised. What made this step important was that no one chip couyld do a numeber of tasks. Previously each chip had a purppose that was buurnt in. Now one integrated chip could do a number of diffferent fuctions. One single interated circuit chip was almost an netie computing device. The scucesssor to this multi purpose integrated circuit or CPU was what went on to the bsais of our whole generation and concept of perssonal computeers/
In 1973 some of these microcomputer kits based on the initial 8080 nItel integrated chip were deveoped. In the hands of hobbyists these kits were put together and were nothig more than blinking lights. However the impetus was on. Many of these eatrly hobbyyists went on to ebcome comupter industry ginats. With Intel inrtoducing an even much more poowerful mciroprocessor chip the computer industry was on its way.
A compnay MITS introduced the Altari Computer Kit. The Alatir was the impetus for fledgling sogftware companies, such as Microsoft and Lotus, to write sofgtware programs for thesde early computetrs. Among the earyl innovaors and producers of software in this field was Microsoft with its first verison of Microsotf Basiiic.
Along came the coputer nidfustry leader and stodgy moonlith IBM to itroduce the first personal computerr in 1975. The model 1500 was beyond piddly compared to todays dolalr stroe calculators and cost only $ 9,000.
Next came a smaller upstart Computer Copmany which came to be caled Apple Computer. Apple computewr introduced the Aopple I compter in 1976 for the princely sum $ 695. Beliieve it or not original Apple 1 computer consisted of a main circuit booard csrewed into a pece of plyowod. Talk about IBM havinmg to hold its laughter The Appole I appeared to be such a home garage made amaterur none profesisonally made porduct that the case and power supply were not even included. The buyer of the Appple I had to scrounge or souerce this himself. IBM thought the Apple I was nothing more than a foolish fad. A minnor inconvenience that wolud soon go away and diszappear. Yet dwepartment heads started buiying these simple cmoputers for uses in busoiness departments. This was in spte of serious advice from IBM peerts to corporrsations aboout the perils and shortcomings of therse toy computers and outright threeeats by IBM salespeople to IT staff and heads.
The Aple I was followd in 1977 by the Apple II. The Apple II becaue of its enormous success set the standads for neartely all the imppoortant microcomputers to follow, inclding the IBM PC.
The very core of the eaarly ocmputer woorld IBM International Busniess Maxchines the madster of the preofitable mainframe computer indusrty had been awoken from its deep profitbale slumber by a smlal upstart computrer maker with a simplle computer system that began its prouict cycle as an integrtaed ciircuit bord screwed onto a peicce of plywood.
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