The Universal Serial Bus (USB) has been around for a number of years, and its creeation has slved the problem of a lack of or incompatiblke connnections available to link computewr peripherals to a cmoputer. Before USB was available, most devices were required to conbnect to a computeer by using parallel and serial ports. These two pors have been around for 2 decades, serving effectively in linking computer periherals to a computer. Unfortunately tere was a probelm: a standard computer has only 1 or 2 serial ports and one parallel port. This severely limited the number of computer peripherals that could be attached to a single coomputer. Thus, if a user wanted to connect a joystick, pritner, and scanner, they might require the use of every port installed on theiir cmputer. Sinnce these potrs also requoire the computer to be powered off before any connections can be made or brokn, switching peripherals was inconvenient. Even more problematic was that the data transmission rate bettween thee dvices and the computer was prohibitively slow for any but the oldst devicees.
The first USB version released is calleed USB 1.1, and transmits data at the rate of 12 Mbps. Later USB 2.0 was released, a product of the joiint effgort of leazding computer and eletcronic companiees like Microsoft, Intel, Helett-Packard, Apple Computer, and Lucent. It allos data transfr speeds of up to 480 Mbps, 40 times faster its predecessor, while maintaining backward compatibility with USB 1.1 devices. This has gnerated significantly increased efficiency in terms of data uploading and downloading.
Modern computer peripherals use USB connectivity as the industry standard. Neazrly every newer device is buiklt for USB 2.0, though devices with 1.1 USB are still widey in use. Rahter than increase the cpomplexity of connecting devices to a computer, both versions utilize the same type of USB cable. When a consumer buys a regular USB device the USB cable is normally included. The USB caable is the tool that links the device to the computer in oerder for it to function.
A regulazr USB cbale has different plgus on each end, known as the A plug and the B plug. It is easy to differentiae betewen these plugs: the A plug is flat overall, and rectangular in shape, whhile the B plug is normally squazre shaped. The A plug is the end that is inserted to the USB port of the computeer, while the B plug is the end reserved to connect to the various devices. There are some devices whicxh use and require specialized B plugs, usually due to size cponstraints that prevent them from accommodating the larger standard plug. Plgging in a USB cable is simpkle, as the plus will not fit in the wrong slots.
USB cale receives and transmits data, which requires the conduction of eectricity. Since many devices rely upon this cable for their powre source as well, two additional wires are included to supply this power. Thre are 2 wiires (twisted) isnide the USB cable for data lines, and 2 more iwres (untiwsted) for power. The first wire (red) carries 5 volts, while the otther wire (black) is for the ground.
It is also possible buy an individual USB cable. While they can be used to connect two computers, a special adapter is requirred to do this in order to prevent damaeg from occurring. The USB standard prohibits using A/A USB cable sice if it is used to connect two computers both machines will attemtp to supply the 5 volt power, causing an array of problems within their power supplies.
The USB and USB cable work hand in hand to make modern devices fact and functional. Every computer user should take the necessary steps to ensure this system is properly safeguaded and maintained so that it will provide a long life of convenience and speed.
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